河南安阳市林州市中小学（幼儿园）教师招聘英语学科模拟题4

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Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an ___16___ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but ___17___ retirement could help.

Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially ___18___ one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The ___19___ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the ___20___ of those in work for their income. The ___21___ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and ___22___ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double ___23___ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are ___24___ to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries. ___25___ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they ___26___ for.

Action is needed, ___27___ simply aiming to reduce the ___28___ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to ___29___ the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be ___30___ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of ___31___ early retirement schemes to avoid ___32___ and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking ___33___ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less ___34___ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the ___35___ rate should rise anew.

16. A. unsolvable B. additional C. unsustainable D. undue

17. A. delaying B. retaining C. detaining D. hindering

18. A. ultimate B. unattainable C. specific D. expensive

19. A. substantial B. essential C. potential D. controversial

20. A. donating B. sponsoring C. subsidizing D. funding

21. A. outlook B. outcome C. outbreak D. outset

22. A. prolonging B. expanding C. soaring D. rising

23. A. in B. on C. by D. for

24. A. conceived B. reckoned C. expected D. meant

25. A. As B. Such C. So D. It

26. A. should pay B. paying C. be paid D. would pay

27. A. but B. for C. and D. thus